In a world where data is everything, safeguarding yours should be a top priority. From precious personal photos to sensitive emails and confidential business files, our digital lives are packed with information that holds immense value to us—and to cybercriminals. Your data is their currency. The good news? By understanding the threats and adopting best practices, you can help reduce your risk of becoming a victim. That’s why we created this guide. It’s packed with actionable tips to keep your information safer. We recommend starting with Avira Prime, a premium blend of privacy, protection, and performance tools.
Meet the most common threats to your data security
We hope you don’t meet them of course, but that would be like wishing for the moon. Let’s be realistic: Modern life has become unthinkable without the internet. It’s where we communicate, bank, shop, socialise, work, play, and… come into regular contact with malicious software like viruses and cybercriminals who are always lurking to gain access to our digital world. Don’t be complacent about the dangers. If fraudsters intercept your data, there can be serious consequences. They can carry out account hijacking (whereby they take over an entire online account), steal money and credit card information or even commit identity theft.
Sometimes we unwittingly help fraudsters. Raise your hand if you’ve ever re-used a password for example (and please, oh please don’t let it be the name of your first dog) or clicked away those pesky software update reminders. At other times, your data can become vulnerable through no fault of your own. If a company database is breached, your account information could be leaked and sold.
Here are the most common threats to your data, presented by our fictitious anti-hero, Data-Disaster Dan, whose sloppy cyber-security makes hackers very happy.
Phishing attacks
Dan has just opened an email that looks like it’s from his bank, asking him to “confirm his password for security reasons.” The email has a convincing logo, but Dan doesn’t stop to think why his bank would need his password. He clicks the link, enters his login details, and unknowingly hands over access to his bank account to scammers. Within hours, his savings are gone. Dan’s mood improves when he receives a message claiming he’s won a brand-new smartphone! All that’s left to do is click on the link and pay a “small shipping fee.” Excited, Dan enters his credit card details. Not only was there never a phone, but the scammers ended up racking up hundreds of pounds in fraudulent charges.
Then, there was the time Dan received an urgent message regarding his streaming account, claiming it had been suspended and Dan needed to log in immediately to restore access. Rushing to watch his favourite show, Dan clicked the link and used his real password. This phishing site looked exactly like the real streaming platform. The scammers now had his streaming account password, but because Dan had reused the same password across multiple accounts (including his email), he made his other accounts vulnerable too.
Don’t be like Dan! Phishing attacks are among the most pervasive forms of cybercrime. Fraudsters craft fake emails, messages, and websites and dangle these like worms to a fish, trying to trick us into “biting” (or should that be “byting”?) so we share information like passwords and credit card details. These emails appear to be from legitimate sources (such as your bank, a government agency, or a major online retailer) but if you click on a link they can lead you to a fake website that collects your data or triggers a malware download. Phishing typically creates a sense of urgency, warning that your account will be locked, or a payment is due, hoping that you’ll panic and act without thinking.
Do this instead: To avoid becoming a victim of phishing attempts, always verify the sender’s email address, hover over any links before clicking, and contact the organisation directly using verified contact information. If you’re not 100% sure about a message’s authenticity, don’t engage with the sender!
Malware and ransomware
Dan’s misadventures continue as he stumbles into the realm of malware. While looking for a free version of his favourite video-editing software, Dan stumbles upon a shady website promising “totally free downloads” with no strings attached. Ignoring the red-alert warning from his antivirus software, Dan downloads the program but instead of video-editing tools, he installs a virus that quietly records his keystrokes (including the passwords he types). A few days later, he receives an email with an attachment labelled “Your tax refund details”. Delighted about the unexpected windfall, Dan opens it without thinking…his computer freezes and a message pops up: “Your files are encrypted. Pay $500 in Bitcoin to get them back”. Congratulations, Dan—you’ve just been hit with ransomware. Hapless Dan isn’t done yet. While browsing an unknown streaming site to watch a new movie for free and distract him from his digital woes, he clicks on a flashy ad promising a “one-click PC clean-up”. Thinking that he’s about to speed up his computer, Dan downloads malware that floods his screen with endless pop-ups, all asking for his credit card details to “fix the problem”.
Don’t be like Dan! Malware is malicious software that’s designed to infiltrate, damage, or disable your device. Common types include viruses, trojans, worms, and ransomware. They can gain access to your computer system via downloads, email attachments or infected websites and ads. Ransomware can be particularly cunning as it encrypts your data and demands payment in exchange for restoring access. Even paying the ransom doesn’t guarantee that cybercriminals will unlock your files as they’re not known for their sense of fair play.
Do this instead: Installing and regularly updating reputable antivirus software is one of the best ways to stay safer from malware. Avira Free Antivirus helps protect you from a multitude of online threats (from rootkits to Trojans) and it really is free. Upgrade to Antivirus Pro to help secure your shopping and help prevent phishing attacks—you can get it alone or as part of Avira Prime for even more comprehensive protection.
Weak passwords
Here’s how Dan fumbles his password management. One day, he gets an email from his favourite online retailer informing him that his account has been compromised. Alarmed, he discovers that a scammer has got hold of his password from a leaked database and used it to log in. Dan uses the same password everywhere, so the attacker now has access to his email, social media and online shopping accounts, and even his streaming subscriptions. The attackers use his email and password combination to launch a spree of fake purchases and spam campaigns. Dan spends hours recovering his accounts and setting up new passwords.
Dan decides to improve his online security and sets a new banking password too. He feels very cunning as he combines upper- and lower-case letters, plus numbers, to create “BankPassword123”. Sadly, as Avira Password Manager demonstrates in the test below, it’s not a strong password.
Dan still hasn’t finished undermining his own defences. He doesn’t use a password manager, so he jots the password down on a sticky note and puts it on his desk calendar. His colleagues joke that he’s making life too easy for hackers, but Dan laughs it off—until someone breaks into his online bank account and transfers out a chunk of his savings.
Don’t be like Dan! Weak or reused passwords are a major vulnerability. Simple and memorable passwords like “Password12345” are easy to guess—and so is your dog’s name if you’ve ever posted about the antics of Fluffy online. Duplicate passwords give attackers the gift of easier access to multiple accounts via techniques like brute force attacks or credential stuffing.
Do this instead: Use long, complex passwords that include a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols. And never reuse passwords across accounts to minimise the impact of a data breach. Give your passwords the care and attention they deserve with a password manager like the free Avira Password Manager. It helps securely generate, store and manage complex passwords and even syncs them across multiple devices. The Security Status analyses your accounts for data breaches, website vulnerabilities, and weak passwords (and would have warned Dan of his faux pas). To unleash the full powers of this service you’ll need to upgrade to the Pro version (available as a stand-alone product or as part of Avira Prime).
Data breaches
For once, this data hazard is out of Dan’s hands. A data breach occurs when hackers gain unauthorised access to a company’s supposedly secure systems, exposing customer information, financial records, and other confidential data. No one is immune and even major companies, including financial institutions and online retail and social media giants, have been victims of data breaches in recent years. If the stolen data includes your log-in credentials and other confidential information like your address and bank details, you could be at risk of further breached accounts and even identity theft. That’s because stolen information is usually sold to cybercriminals in online marketplaces on the dark web.
All businesses need comprehensive cybersecurity strategies to help keep employee and customer data safe. 24/7 real-time antivirus protection and a firewall, plus private, secure connections for remote employees and secure file sharing, are the bare bones for corporate online protection. Getting it wrong can result in lawsuits, loss of revenue and customers, and a damaged reputation.
Top tips for keeping your data more secure: Use cybersecurity technology
The good news is that you’re not alone in the war against cybercrime! There’s a range of highly effective security measures at your disposal. Build a multi-layered defence and use it all.
Set up two-factor or multi-factor authentication
Two-factor or multifactor (2FA/MFA) authentication works in conjunction with your password to strengthen your security. It requires a second (or third) form of identity verification—usually a code sent to your phone or email, but it could also be a biometric scan of your fingerprint or face. If someone steals your password, they won’t be able to access your online accounts unless they lay their hands on your second/third authentication factors too. Did you know? You can set up 2FA on your Avira Password Manager in addition to your master password.
Keep all software safely updated
Most of us look forward to the latest bug fixes and exciting new features but software updates play a crucial role in device security too. Outdated programs can contain vulnerabilities that are known to hackers. Always make sure that your operating system, all applications, and antivirus software are safely up to date—and don’t forget your drivers! Updates are easier with a software updater. Free Avira Software Updater can fix security flaws and rid you of pesky update reminders. Did you know? Avira Prime contains Avira Software Updater Pro. You can set it to quietly and automatically install the latest, clean updates.
Use a VPN, especially on public Wi-Fi
Who hasn’t been tempted by free Wi-Fi in coffee shops, hotels, and airports? Sadly, it can be as insecure as it is convenient. Hackers lie in wait to intercept data transmitted over these networks but help is at hand: Always use a VPN on public Wi-Fi, especially if you’re accessing sensitive accounts like bank accounts or sharing confidential information. A VPN stands for virtual private network because it helps encrypt your connection and transmits your data via a private tunnel where it’s safer from prying eyes. It also helps mask your device’s unique IP address, so your real location remains unknown. Avira Phantom VPN is free and aptly named because it helps wipe away your digital traces and make you more anonymous online. Did you know? Choose premium Avira Phantom VPN Pro, also included in Avira Prime, to free yourself from data limits,
Deploy a trusted antivirus and keep it up to date
The world of online threats is constantly evolving, and your anti-malware must keep pace. Choose reputable, expert protection that helps keep you safer from all types of online threats, even zero-day exploits (i.e.: the latest). Avira Free Antivirus is a great start and available for Windows, Mac, Android, and iOS. It helps protect you from adware, ransomware, spyware, Trojans, rootkits, worms…and other online nasties that try to steal personal data, gain access to your device, or damage it. Did you know? Avira uses powerful machine learning to relentlessly scale up and classify malware. Consider upgrading to the premium version for an ad-free experience that also helps block phishing websites and can secure your online shopping.
Enable encryption
Encryption helps protect data by converting it into an unreadable, encoded form called ciphertext. The only way to decode the text is to use a decryption key or password—so even if a cybercriminal lays their hands on encrypted data, they won’t be able to read it. It’s important to remember that emails aren’t encrypted, and neither are SMS texts. For sensitive communications, consider encrypted messaging apps like Signal. If you’re sending private information like tax documents or copies of identity documents over the internet, they should always be in an encrypted format.
Every computer, whether Windows or Mac, can usually encrypt its hard drive. Some Macs can even encrypt automatically. Give your security an instant boost by checking the settings on your computer to turn hard drive encryption on. On a Windows operating system, for example, you can use the built-in BitLocker Drive Encryption or third-party apps. Microsoft Support offers detailed information on device encryption in Windows.
Set up strong, unique passwords and use a password manager
It can’t be said often enough: A strong password is your first line of defence—think of it as a bouncer guarding your data doorway. Frail passwords are easy to guess because they contain obvious words, like your name, place and date of birth, common phrases, or information that may already be associated with you (like your mother’s maiden name or the make of your first car). Strong passwords are at least 12 characters long and an eye-watering jumble of upper and lowercase letters, numbers, and special symbols. If you want to play it extra safe, you’ll also update them every 6 months.
Should you use a browser-based password manager? Storing passwords in your browser seems the most straightforward way to log in to your accounts instantly and you don’t need an extra app. But if you use different browsers, you won’t have access to all your passwords, and if anyone physically gets hold of your device, your online accounts are an open door for them. Whatever solution you choose, never write passwords down or store them in a document on your desktop!
Take advantage of secure cloud storage
Cloud storage is generally considered more secure than traditional, “at home” options, because it uses encryption, is stored safely off-site in multiple servers, and is monitored 24/7 for suspicious activity. There are also backup and disaster recovery strategies in place in the event of data loss or a cyberattack. There are many cloud storage and file-sharing services, including free and subscription models, so take your pick. Popular providers are Dropbox, OneDrive, iCloud, and Google Drive.
Regularly back up your data (and get rid of what you don’t need)
Break-ins, fires, floods, or just plain old accidental deletion or file corruption…no one likes to think of worst-case scenarios, but we do need to be prepared for them. Make sure that your precious data has its own “life vest” by backing it up regularly. There are many options, including cloud storage, hard disk drives, and external hard drives. If you’re using an external storage device, don’t keep it precariously balanced on your desk between coffee mugs and within easy reach of others. Encrypt the contents and lock it away—and check that your backup processes are running, and the stored files uncorrupted. Make sure that your backup isn’t connected to a live data source so that it won’t be touched by malware. It’s also a good idea to cull files regularly to save more space for the truly important things. Have you also backed up your Android phone or know how to back up and restore your iPhone? Even the tiniest devices can be packed with vast volumes of important data.
Practise good online safety habits
Make sure that you and your cybersecurity technology are a dream team and be mindful of every action you take online. It’s easy to be distracted or lulled into a false sense of security that your anti-malware will protect you from all evils—but your online security is in your hands too.
Don’t overshare on social media
Cybercriminals do their homework and sometimes research victims before targeting them. By posting personal details like your birthday, place of birth, and the names of your loved ones and pets, you’re making it easier for fraudsters to learn more about you. This can help them guess your passwords and the answers to your security questions or steal your identity. Turn on the privacy settings for your social media accounts and never accept friend requests from strangers—even if their profile pic shows a bikini-clad blonde bombshell in Barbados.
E.g.: “Yay! I’m in Dubai soaking up some rays for my birthday” gives away personally identifiable information and alerts criminals that you’re out of town. However proud or happy you are, never shout too loudly from the virtual rooftops. Get started here: Control who can see what you share on Facebook and manage your privacy settings on Instagram.
Check that websites and emails are legitimate
Learn how to spot suspicious emails and never click on unfamiliar links and attachments! Look out for red flags like bad grammar, urgent demands, and requests for payment. If you’re not sure, contact the sender. Check website safety and stay away from sites that are packed with flashing ads and pop-ups—and run like the wind if your search engine serves up a warning that it’s a suspicious site. Consider a browser extension to plug gaps in the security and functionality of your browser. Avira Browser Safety is a free add-on for Firefox, Opera, and Microsoft Edge that helps protect you from harmful websites and scans downloads for potentially unwanted applications (PUAs). If you use Google Chrome, there’s Avira Safe Shopping, which helps you compare online offers from trusted sites.
Be aware of what’s going on around you and protect your device
Are you using a shared workspace or sitting on a train or in a coffee shop? Other people may be able to see your screen. A privacy screen can help. Never leave your device unattended in public spaces but if you are temporarily away from your desk, lock your screen. And if you’re going to be gone for longer or even overnight, always lock your machine away securely if you aren’t taking it home. That applies to mobile devices too of course. It’s so easy to forget a phone on a table.
Securely dispose of old IT equipment and recycle
If your computer has reached the end of its useful life, make sure to retire it safely. Delete all data and empty the recycle bin. For added safety, it’s a good idea to perform a factory reset to remove all software programs and personal files. You can even use a data destruction service to make sure that no byte is left behind or can be restored! And remember to recycle responsibly: This helps avoid computers ending up in landfills, where they can contaminate ground and water sources.
What to do if your data is compromised
Stop panicking and channel all that nervous energy into taking these steps: Secure the affected accounts by changing your passwords and try to find out what sensitive information may have been stolen. The risk that you could become a victim of fraud after a data breach depends partly on the type of data that was compromised. For example, if it’s “just” your name and email address that are stolen, you may receive a lot of email spam but probably won’t end up a victim of credit card fraud. It’s always a good idea to monitor your financial accounts and credit reports and have your bank security team on speed dial to report any suspicious activity. If you’re in the UK, you can report a scam to the National Cyber Security Centre.
Bolster your online defences with Avira Prime
Imagine a fort. On a hill. Surrounded by a moat. Filled with crocodiles. Strong defences have always had multiple layers. That’s why Avira Prime combines a range of premium protection and privacy tools for Windows, Mac, iOS, and Android, including Avira Password Manager Pro, Software Updater Pro, Antivirus Pro and Phantom VPN Pro. The password manager alert feature warns you if your passwords have been hacked or websites, where you’re registered, have suffered a data breach. It could have more speed in store for you too: The performance features help clean up your devices for faster starts and more storage space. This blended approach isn’t simply safer—it’s far more convenient for you too.
Life has become almost unthinkable without the convenience of online banking, shopping, sharing, and other digital interactions—but there is a downside. As we expose our personal information, we leave ourselves vulnerable to cybercrime. Get protected and stay alert.
